Vol. 10, Special Issue 1, Part J (2026)

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of age and size of tuberous roots on the biochemical and mineral composition of swallow root (Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn.), an endangered medicinal plant endemic to southern India. Tuberous roots were collected from two-year-old and three-year-old plants and classified into large (>3 cm diameter) and small (<3 cm diameter) categories, forming four treatment combinations. Dried root powder from each treatment was analyzed for biochemical parameters, including moisture, total carbohydrates, protein, total ash and total phenolic content, as well as mineral composition comprising calcium, iron, potassium and sodium. Significant variations were observed among treatments for all parameters studied. Three-year-old large-sized tuberous roots recorded higher ash content (8.00%), phenolic content (2.75 g/100 g) and mineral composition, particularly calcium (1.10%), iron (564.60 mg/kg) and potassium (3.62%), indicating enhanced nutraceutical potential with increased physiological maturity. Younger and smaller roots exhibited lower moisture content, suggesting better shelf stability but comparatively reduced biochemical richness. Overall, the results demonstrated that root age and size play a crucial role in determining quality attributes of D. hamiltonii. Harvesting mature, large-sized tuberous roots is recommended for improved biochemical quality, enhanced mineral composition and value addition, while also supporting sustainable utilization of this threatened species.