Vol. 9, Special Issue 9, Part N (2025)

The application of endophytic microorganisms for the protection of plant against to several diseases represents a significant contribution in sustainable agriculture. These endophytes live within internal plant parts and interact to their surrounds without causing any harmful effect and establishment through symbiotic relationship that can induce plant defence system. Endophytic bacteria and fungi have shown not only inhibit a wide range of phytopathogens, viz., bacteria, fungi, and viruses, through the production of bioactive metabolites substances, competition for habitat, space and nutrients, and the activation of plant immune responses but also actively participated to plant growth promoting activities like secretion of phytohormone, enhancing nutrient uptake and influences plant biochemical pathway. This review represents a scenario of the different types of endophytes, their mechanism of action as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers successful case studies, and their role in integrated pest and disease management systems with plant growth promotion and additionally, discusses the recent advanced Next Generation Technology, viz., next generation sequencing, multi-omics studies for endophytic microbial identification and research, challenges, limitations, regulation and future scopes for the commercialization and application of endophytes as a biocontrol agents and biofertilizers to support sustainable agriculture in crop improvement with ecological resilience.