Vol. 9, Special Issue 8, Part T (2025)

This study focuses on the formulation and production of animal feed, which plays a crucial role in livestock production systems by delivering nutritious and high-quality diets. The primary objective is to enhance the nutritional value of low-grade raw materials, converting them into more effective feed components and optimizing the utilization of nutrients in formulated feeds. As a result, animal feed production holds a key responsibility in promoting sustainable food systems. A deeper insight into the structure and functional behaviour of feed ingredients, along with how these properties are affected by various primary and secondary processing methods, is vital for accurately fulfilling animals' nutritional demands. Additionally, increased emphasis should be placed on the role of feed additives—particularly in pelleted feeds—with research exploring how processing conditions interact with feed ingredients and additives to influence overall feed effectiveness.