Vol. 9, Special Issue 5, Part D (2025)

The current study was conducted to investigate the myeloprotective and antimutagenic effects of a microalgal Spirulina extract fortified with finger millet and Moringa leaves (MSFM) in a Cyclophosphamide induced bone marrow suppression and mutagenicity model in male Wistar rats. This model is the first of its kind, uniquely combining both bone marrow suppression and mutagenicity within a single 30-day experimental design, involving six groups of eight rats each. Group I (normal control) received normal saline both intraperitoneally and orally. Group II (disease control) was administered cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally at 40 mg/kg body weight on days 22, 25 and 28 and 100 mg/kg on day 30 to induce bone marrow suppression and mutagenicity. Group III (reference control) received daily iron and multivitamins orally along with subcutaneous rhEPO twice a week. Groups IV, V and VI were given MSFM orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 30 days. Groups III to VI also received cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally, following the same schedule as Group II. In Group II, induction of severe bone marrow suppression was evident by hematological, biochemical, cytological and pathomorphological alterations. Mutagenicity was evaluated using the Micronucleus assay on acridine orange-stained bone marrow samples observed under a fluorescent microscope. MSFM supplementation significantly mitigated cyclophosphamide-induced alterations in a dose-dependent manner, with improvements in body weight, spleen and thymus indices, Hb, TEC, TLC, PLT, PCV, M:E ratio, PCE/NCE and histopathology, along with reductions in AST, ALT, TP, CRT and MnPCEs values.