Vol. 9, Special Issue 5, Part A (2025)

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives (i) To study physical and biochemical characterisation of fresh urine and dung of Malvi cow. (ii) To study the physical and biochemical changes in different formulations during fermentation (iii) To evaluate the efficacy of different bio-acaricide formulations for tick control in cattle. For raw material urine and dung samples were obtained from gaushala and medicinal plants (Neem, Lantana and Garlic) were procured from college premises. It was kept to undergo fermentation such that, amongst the treatment groups, all the biochemical parameters differed significantly and an increasing trend was observed in groups from T₁ to T₅.

The parameters like pH, Dry Matter (DM), lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose gradually decreased with the increase in time. However, N₂, CP, urea, uric acid, hippuric acid, creatinine and mineral contents were significantly increased with time during fermentation upto 20^th day then declined at day 30^th, thus there was increase in levels of these parameters.

Total five formulations based on cow urine, dung and medicinal were tested for their efficacy on tick mortality (%) on cows and the results revealed that, the highest tick mortality (%) was observed in T₅ (57.40±6.12) followed by T₃, T₄, T₂ and T₁ (25.93±3.77). While observing, day wise mortality (%) was recorded to be highest on day 14^th (44.00±4.48) and lowest on day 1 (34.64±4.49). The T₅ contained all the ingredients i.e. cow urine+ cow dung+ Neem+ Lantana leaves + Garlic and was found to be most effective against ticks on cow. Therefore, it can be used as a natural alternative for chemical acaricde, as it is easily available, accessible and affordable to farmers.