Vol. 9, Special Issue 4, Part F (2025)

Reproductive inefficiencies, particularly anestrus, post significant challenges in dairy farming, leading to economic losses and reduced productivity in crossbred heifers. This study evaluated the impact of polyherbal and mineral supplementation on metabolic profile, reproductive performance, and fertility augmentation in delayed pubertal crossbred heifers. A total of 24 heifers were divided into four groups: Control (basal diet only), Group 1 (polyherbal mixture), Group 2 (mineral mixture), and Group 3 (polyherbal + mineral mixture). Supplementation continued for 30 days or until estrus onset. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds in Aegle marmelos, Murraya koenigii, and Moringa oleifera, including steroids, alkaloids, triterpenes, tannins, and saponins. Supplementation significantly improved metabolic profile. Estrous behavioral expression was most intense in Group 3, with significantly higher estrogen levels (32.23±1.33 pg/mL, p<0.05) from Day 12 onward. Group 3 recorded the highest estrus response (83.33%) and first-insemination conception rate, with a significantly lower age at first estrus (31.8±0.31 months, p<0.05) and conception (32.81±0.36 months, p<0.05). These findings suggest that polyherbal and mineral supplementation effectively enhances reproductive performance in crossbred heifers by improving metabolic status, hormonal balance, and estrous response. The combination of Aegle marmelos, Murraya koenigii, Moringa oleifera, and mineral mixture presents a promising, natural alternative to hormonal therapies for managing anestrus and improving fertility outcomes in dairy farming.