Vol. 9, Special Issue 1, Part J (2025)

Many extension approaches for augmenting production and productivity of fishes from different water bodies are taken up by Government and Non–Government Organizations of India for rural farmers and aqua-entrepreneurs. It has been found that government schemes and supportive benefits of non-organizations are getting failed to reach out the target groups. It has been identified that the extension services provided by government agencies are very weak due to many factors such as lack of rapport among the farming communities, mainly accessible to fish -cooperatives and limited numbers of farmers with all schemes, trainings and financial aids. Moreover, the organizational structure, manpower, and extension capabilities of the Departments of Fisheries were found to be insufficient, leading to a gap between the services offered and the needs of the aquaculture community. The Non Government organizations approach fish farmers as well as women group with fisheries inputs, infrastructure, capacity-building programs, financial assistance, and miscellaneous support. It has been observed that NGOs are able to create awareness to utilize available untapped water resources with the aim to bridge the knowledge gap and empower fish farmers to make informed decisions, thereby enhancing productivity and sustainability within the sector. The NGO interventions mainly focused on training and continuous support, which have led to a higher adoption rate of modern fish farming technologies. The limited number of Non Government Orangisation are insufficient to bring the enterprises more sustainable. Therefore, to make the fisheries programme sustainable and effective the present extension system of both sectors (Govt. & NGOs) should be collaborative to meet the emerging challenges to bridge initial knowledge and investment gaps for fish farmers. This paper represents the review of different aspects of extension practices in fisheries sector.