Vol. 9, Special Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) holds the notorious reputation in wheat and barley, causing more problem in light sandy soil. Due to increasing number of species, accurate identification of H. avenae group are critical for developing effective control measures, particularly when identifying sources of host-plant resistance against Heterodera species. Rapid and precise identification is also essential for quarantine and regulatory purposes. To address these needs, molecular methods have been widely explored for identifying species within the group. The ITS-rDNA have proven to be highly effective for differentiating species among H. avenae group. Comparing ITS-rDNA sequences of unidentified species with published sequences in GenBank has further facilitated the rapid and accurate identification of most cyst nematodes.