Vol. 9, Special Issue 12, Part D (2025)

Amphibious lichens establish mutually beneficial partnerships with tree trunks' root systems, significantly impacting water uptake efficiency, resilience against environmental adversities, and overall ecosystem vitality enhancement. This research examined how efficiently Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi multiply when grown using traps and laboratory techniques, while also assessing their impact on the development of corn species (Zea mays) and sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor), both within artificial environments designed for experimentation. Roots of maize and sorghum species along with their associated soil layers were sampled and examined in search of naturally occurring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; these included assessing their prevalence as well as measuring spore concentrations within them and quantifying how deeply they colonized plant roots. Traps of trap culture along with an in vitro AMF inoculum were subsequently introduced into pots containing plants to evaluate how these factors affect plant development.
Experimental outcomes indicated that airborne mycorrhizal fungi produced significantly higher numbers of spores (notably at rates of 265 per gram for maize and 249 for sorghum), as well as extensive root penetration into plant tissues. Forty percent of the crop was made up by maize; fifty-eight other crops were present as well. Approximately nine percent of sorghum is being utilized. Remarkable advancements in crop development were noted across all varieties tested; within-vessel arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly boosted maize stalks by an additional 28%, while enhancing sorghums' heights by nearly 26%. Observations included early bloom onset, better ears/panicles for yield potential, and increased absorption of nutrients by plants. Studies indicate that when applied in vitro, AM fungi produce results superior to those obtained through trapping methods; this approach holds promise as an eco- friendly alternative to conventional fertilizer use, especially concerning its role in reducing reliance on phosphate-based chemicals.
The study focuses on enhancing agricultural productivity through techniques such as mycorrhizal colonization of maize and sorghum roots using spores for increased diversity in root systems while promoting sustainable farming practices.