Vol. 9, Special Issue 10, Part P (2025)

Handwriting is complex neuromuscular activity influenced by an individual’s motor skills, cognition and learned habits, making it unique for each writer. Handwriting examination is a critical component of forensic document analysis. This study examines the effectiveness of stereomicroscopy and image enhancement techniques by analysing 6 different types of document alteration: addition, interlineation, modification, overwriting, writing with correction pen, and mechanical alteration. A total of 90 samples with six different types of alterations are used to see how well the used methods could find and describe the alterations. A stereomicroscope was used to carefully observe all the samples to make sure that the visualizations of the physical changes and ink layering were identified. However, detection was challenging due to a number of small or overlapping changes. To get around these limitations, the samples were followed with image enhancing techniques, which significantly improved the visibility and resolution of the alterations, making it simpler to differentiate between the original and altered text, particularly in cases where the changes were complex or subtle. The results showed that the two-method approach facilitates the process of identifying all the various types of alteration changes that have been made and improves comprehension of the steps that were taken to make and discover those changes.