Vol. 9, Special Issue 10, Part L (2025)

The shoot and fruit borer (Earias spp.) represents a major biotic constraint to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) production in India, causing substantial yield and quality losses. Despite the routine application of broad-spectrum insecticides, economically optimal and ecologically sustainable interventions rely on clearly defined action thresholds. The present field study aimed to determine the economic threshold level (ETL) of Earias spp. in summer okra under the agro-climatic conditions of Latur, Maharashtra. Experiments were conducted using a randomized block design with seven insecticidal spray treatments, including a control, and three replications. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG was applied at defined crop stages, and data were collected on fruit infestation, yield, and cost-benefit ratios across treatments. Regression analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between pest incidence and fruit yield, described by the model Y=4.8439−0.11048X. Gain threshold and EIL varied with spray frequency, while the calculated ETL for Earias spp. was 2.6% fruit damage. Intervening at or just before this threshold resulted in reduced fruit losses and yield gains up to 1.23 quintals per hectare against 0.83 quintal in untreated plots, with superior gross and net returns. Comparative analysis confirms the findings align with previously reported ETLs (1-5%) for okra borers under similar conditions. The study underscores that employing an ETL of 2.6% for Earias spp. enables precise, cost-effective pest management, minimizing unnecessary pesticide use and promoting sustainable okra production. Adoption of this threshold is recommended within integrated pest management programs for enhanced grower profitability and environmental stewardship.