Vol. 8, Special Issue 9, Part B (2024)

Insects plays a crucial and often unrecognized role in decomposition and nutrient recycling i.e., an essential processes that sustain ecosystem health and soil fertility. Decomposition involves breaking down organic matter from deceased plants, animals and waste products thereby transforming it into simpler forms that return nutrients to the soil. Insects including beetles, termites, ants and flies were key contributors to this process. Beetles such as dung beetles will help decompose animal faecal thus enhancing soil nutrient content. Termites break down wood and plant material thus leveraging symbiotic microorganisms to digest cellulose. Ants facilitate decomposition by transporting organic matter to their nests while fly larvae accelerate the breakdown of carrion. In addition to aiding decomposition, insects significantly impact soil health. Their activities improve soil structure by enhancing aeration and promoting nutrient availability. By breaking down organic matter, insects boost microbial activity which is vital for nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Insects also contribute to practical applications in human-managed environments. For example, black soldier fly larvae are used in waste management systems to convert organic waste into valuable by-products thereby demonstrating their utility in sustainable waste practices. Despite their importance, insect populations face threats from habitat loss, climate change and pesticide use, potentially impacting their ecological functions. Conservation efforts are essential to protect these species and ensure their continued contribution to decomposition and nutrient recycling. Future research should focus on understanding the specific roles of different insect species, the effects of environmental changes and exploring new applications of insects in environmental management. In summary, insects are vital to the processes of decomposition and nutrient recycling thus supporting ecosystem health and soil fertility. Recognizing and preserving their roles is crucial for maintaining environmental balance and resilience.