Vol. 8, Special Issue 3, Part G (2024)

Abstract: Renal failure is the loss of ability of kidneys to excrete waste products, concentrate urine, electrolytes and fluid balance leading to retention of creatinine, urea and other metabolic waste products that are normally excreted by the kidney. It is of two types, acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic renal failure (CRF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Jacob et al., (2005) ^[5] reported that initial high UPC determination i.e. more than 1.0 in dogs with CRF was associated with greater risk of developing uremic crisis and death, compared to dogs with UPC less than 1.0 and thus concluded that UPC determination in dogs with CRF could be prognostic value. And also stated that determining urine specific gravity in a dehydrated patient quickly reveals its renal status. If the specific gravity is <1.015 in the dogs the animal had inadequate renal The investigation was carried out on 24 clinical cases suspected of renal failure in dogs on the basis of clinical signs admitted at Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar. The urine pH of 24 dogs in the present study was in range of 5- 7.5. Various types of casts were seen in urine sediments. 5 dogs had granular casts and 2 had hyaline cast. Crystaluria was found in 11 out of 24 dogs, combining 3 bilirubin crystal and 8 had amorphous crystals each.On chemical examination of urine severity of proteinuria was observed as (58.3%) ++, (20.83%) +++, (16.66%) + and trace (4.16%) cases respectively. Two dogs were tested positive for bile pigments and bile salts.