Vol. 8, Special Issue 10, Part B (2024)

Chemical signals are important in coordinating complex social behaviour within the colony. Pheromones which produced by queens, workers, and larvae, regulate essential colony functions like reproduction, foraging, defense, and communication. Queen pheromones, such as the queen mandibular pheromone (QMP), help maintain colony cohesion, inhibit worker reproduction, and ensure the queen’s dominance in the hive. Workers respond to various pheromones to perform tasks such as brood care and hive defense, which are crucial for the colony's survival.  Environmental stressors, including pesticides and climate change, affect the production and efficacy of these pheromones, leading to disorganized colony behavior, reduced foraging efficiency, and, in extreme cases, colony collapse. Additionally, pheromones play a key role in hive hygiene by signaling infected brood and promoting disease resistance. The study also explores the potential applications of pheromones in pest management and how synthetic pheromones could be used to enhance agricultural practices.