Vol. 9, Issue 9, Part D (2025)

The study aimed to investigate the association between testosterone hormone and critical metabolic indices (serum glucose, insulin, and glucose: insulin ratio) in Ongole breeding bulls. Serum testosterone, glucose and insulin levels were assessed in blood samples of six animals and the glucose: insulin ratio was calculated accordingly. To understand the strength and nature of this association, polynomial regression analysis was applied to the measured parameters. Results demonstrated that a nonlinear association between testosterone with all metabolic indices were evident with R² values ranged from 0.868 to 0.889. Conversely, the metabolites as predictors exhibited R² values ranged from 0.694 to 0.981. The above findings of the present study indicate that testosterone is strongly associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin regulation which further suggests that the reproductive hormones may play a pivotal role in metabolic balance in Ongole breeding bulls. Nevertheless the limited sample size restricts broad generalization, the current findings highlight a promising direction. Future studies involving larger sample size and longitudinal designs will be valuable to confirm this association and to explore their implications for the reproductive and metabolic management of indigenous cattle breeds.