Vol. 9, Issue 6, Part L (2025)
Serum magnesium levels in diabetic patients: A comparative study at the Saint-Louis Health Center (Senegal)
Doupa D, Dia DG, Diop ND, Klouvi EE, Makalou D, Dia AD, Kandji PM, Djité M, Thiam S, Coly NF, Cissé F, Gueye PM, Diallo F and Diagne I
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
A possible link between magnesium status and diabetes mellitus was first suggested in 1940. Since then, multiples studies have reported a high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in diabetic patients. However, in Senegal, data on the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in this population and its potential role in the development of complications remain scarce.
This study aimed to compare serum magnesium levels in diabetic and non-diabetic controls within a cohort of patients receiving care at the Saint-Louis Health Center. The specific objectives were to:
- Describe the epidemiological characteristics of the study population.
- Assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in diabetic patients compared to controls.
- Identify factors associated with hypomagnesemia in the diabetic population.
A prospective, cross-sectional, analytical case-control study was conducted with a cohort of 100 patients. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire, and biological data were obtained through blood samples.
Data analysis revealed that the prevalence of hypomagnesemia was significantly higher in diabetic patients (56%) compared to controls (24%). Diabetics were four times more likely to have hypomagnesemia than controls (OR = 4.03), and a significant association was observed between hypomagnesemia and disease duration (p = 0.0031). Furthermore, hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with the occurrence of diabetic complications, notably nephropathy (p = 0.007) and neuropathy (p = 0.0073).
In conclusion, this study highlights a higher prevalence of hypomagnesemia among diabetic patients, with a strong association with diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy. These findings support the inclusion of serum magnesium level assessment in the routine follow-up of diabetic patients to enable early detection and management of this metabolic disturbance.
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