Vol. 9, Issue 6, Part B (2025)

Dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds are the main causes of onychomycosis, a common fungal infection that affects the fingernails and toenails. Its global prevalence ranges from 5% to 12%, and it accounts for up to 50% of all nail disorders. With greater prevalence’s seen in men, older adults, and those with underlying medical conditions like diabetes or weakened immune systems. Advanced age, nail trauma, using public areas, and wearing occlusive footwear are risk factors. Even though onychomycosis rarely poses a threat to life, the pain, disfigurement, and psychological effects have a substantial negative influence on quality of life. Usually, a clinical examination and laboratory confirmation are used to make the diagnosis. Oral and topical antifungals are among the available treatment options; in cases that do not improve, laser and surgical procedures may be necessary. Avoiding shared footwear and practicing good hygiene are examples of preventive measures that are vital to lowering transmission. To address the growing worldwide burden of this condition and improve management strategies, more research is required.