Vol. 9, Issue 5, Part B (2025)

The overreliance on synthetic fertilizers in mint cultivation has raised ecological and health concerns, necessitating sustainable alternatives, This study investigated the individual and combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus intraradices), Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract on the growth, yield, and secondary metabolites of Mentha spicata, In a randomized complete block design with eight treatments, the ternary combination (AMF + Bacillus + seaweed) increased dry biomass by 40% and leaf yield by 75% over the control, while the dual AMF-seaweed treatment elevated total phenolics to 25.4 mg GAE/g DW. Flavonoid content peaked at 18.7 mg CE/g DW under the combined treatment, highlighting Bacillus-induced systemic resistance, SPAD values and nutrient assimilation (N, P, K) correlated strongly with treatment complexity, and microscopic analysis confirmed 82% AMF root colonization in synergistic treatments, These results advocate for integrated biofertilizer strategies to enhance medicinal crop quality and productivity. Future research should prioritize essential oil modulation and field-scale validation.