Vol. 9, Issue 4, Part H (2025)

Barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp.) has emerged as a vital crop in addressing food security and sustainable agriculture, particularly in regions facing climate change-induced challenges. This review explores the genetic advancements and crop improvement strategies that have enhanced Barnyard millet’s resilience, productivity, and nutritional value. Traditional farming practices have played a crucial role in maintaining its genetic diversity, while modern biotechnological tools, such as genomic selection, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and precision agriculture, have accelerated the development of superior cultivars. Emphasis on proteomics and metabolomics has provided deeper insights into stress tolerance mechanisms and nutrient composition. The integration of traditional knowledge with cutting-edge technologies offers a promising pathway to developing climate-resilient and nutritionally enhanced varieties of Barnyard millet. This review underscores the potential of Barnyard millet in fostering sustainable food systems and its growing importance as a staple crop in the face of global environmental challenges.