Vol. 9, Issue 2, Part F (2025)

Natural dyes and their modified products play a crucial role in promoting sustainable development. By adopting natural dyes derived from flowers, we not only reduce our environmental footprint but also support local communities engaged in sustainable practices. They have several advantages including their high safety, biodegradability, soft tones and functional properties like antimicrobial, UV protective etc. Pigments present in flowers like anthocyanins, carotenoids, betalains etc are responsible for production of colours. Extraction of natural dyes are categorized into conventional and modern methods. Conventional methods include solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, alkaline and acid extraction. The non-conventional or modern extraction methods include ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, enzyme-assisted and supercritical fluid extraction. The adoption of such techniques not only supports environmental sustainability but also offers economic benefits by lowering operational costs and increasing the overall yield of the desired dye.