Vol. 9, Issue 12, Part I (2025)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the haemato-biochemical alterations associated with a multimodal anaesthetic protocol using medetomidine @ 5 µg/kg, butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg), midazolam (0.20 mg/kg), ketamine (4 mg/kg) and isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia, with or without lignocaine administered as a continuous rate infusion (50 µg/kg/min), in bovines undergoing various surgical procedures. Clinically healthy bovines were randomly allocated into two groups. Animals in Group I were maintained under isoflurane anaesthesia alone, whereas those in Group II received isoflurane in combination with lignocaine continuous rate infusion. Blood samples were collected at predefined intervals before induction of anaesthesia, during maintenance, and during recovery for assessment of haemato-biochemical parameters. Haematological evaluation included Hb concentration, PCV, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count. Biochemical analysis comprised serum aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. The study revealed a transient reduction in Hb concentration, PCV and total erythrocyte count during anaesthesia in both groups, while total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte counts remained within physiological limits. Mild, non-significant elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen were observed during anaesthesia, with serum creatinine values remaining stable. All altered parameters returned towards baseline values during recovery. The inclusion of lignocaine continuous rate infusion did not produce any adverse haemato-biochemical effects.