Vol. 9, Issue 11, Part B (2025)

In recent times, there has been a growing number of reports involving the confiscation of claws and canine teeth, leading to increased requests for forensic examination to determine species identity (Nadarajan et al., 2022). Determining species through DNA extraction and amplification from claw samples presents difficulties due to their high keratin content, which interferes with PCR processes (Kuffel et al., 2021). Species determination from confiscated claws requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates morphological examination, radiographic analysis, morphometric measurements, and genetic testing (Driver, 2011). This multi-method strategy ensures reliable species identification, particularly when physical characteristics are unclear or deteriorated (Baker et al., 2013; Ogden et al., 2009). Such identification is crucial today given the escalating illegal wildlife trafficking that poses a significant danger to wild animal populations. The high market demand for wildlife products has also led to an increase in counterfeit items manufactured from domestic animal bones or hooves entering this illicit market (Sharma et al., 2016). In this study, eight confiscated claw specimens underwent morphological analysis, revealing pale yellow coloration with pointed, curved tips. A distinctive thin curved ridge was visible along the entire curvature of the keratin covering. Radiographic examination showed varied density patterns, and morphometric data from this study were compared against established measurements for leopard and tiger claws documented by Sharma et al. (2016). DNA isolation from the seized claws was performed using the Qiagen QAamp® DNA mini Kit protocol. High-quality DNA was successfully obtained from six of the eight samples as confirmed by nanodrop analysis. Therefore, to effectively enforce the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 of India and similar international legislation, it is crucial to combine morphological examination with DNA analysis. This integrated methodology enhances species identification accuracy and supports law enforcement efforts against illegal wildlife trade.