Vol. 9, Issue 10, Part H (2025)

Endophytes are microorganisms known to reside in plant tissues and play a significant role in plant microbiomes. Many microbial groups that colonize plant tissues, such as mycorrhizal fungi, pathogens, epiphytes, and saprotrophs, interact with and share functions with endophytes. While some fungal endophytes produce beneficial or intriguing secondary metabolites, others have an impact on plant growth and reactions to diseases, herbivores, and environmental changes. Metabolites such phenols, polyketides, saponins, and alkaloids support the plant immune system, combat pathogen attacks, and reduce stress caused by both abiotic and biotic factors. These metabolites can now be identified and characterized by comparative analysis of large omics datasets thanks to recent developments in multi-omics techniques. Biological control can be achieved by using certain endophytic manipulations that cause resistance or otherwise outcompete pathogens. Here, we emphasize on novel methods and strategies that can offer a comprehensive understanding of the function of fungal endophytes in the microbiome of plants. The function of many endophytic fungi linked to significant crops and thus are crucial agricultural development. Endophytes, which are hidden from view and frequently disregarded, are becoming more well-known now a days for plant development and survival and sustainability.