Vol. 9, Issue 1, Part H (2025)

Leith's Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia leithii), a medium to large-sized freshwater species native to India, is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN due to habitat destruction, pollution, and poaching. This species plays a key ecological role in riverine ecosystems by regulating aquatic prey populations and contributing to sediment turnover and nutrient cycling. During a crocodile survey in Pench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra, a putrefied turtle carcass was recovered and identified as Nilssonia leithii using molecular techniques. DNA extraction and PCR amplification produced a 440 bp amplicon, which was sequenced and matched to Nilssonia leithii through nBLAST analysis. The presence of this species in Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) highlights the reserve's role in conserving not only terrestrial wildlife but also freshwater biodiversity. Nilssonia leithii faces significant threats from pollution, dam construction, and habitat degradation, which have led to its decline across its historical range, particularly in large river systems like the Krishna and Godavari. The discovery of this species in the relatively undisturbed aquatic ecosystems of PTR underscores the importance of protected areas in preserving vulnerable species. Conservation strategies must prioritize not only large mammals but also freshwater species, ensuring the survival of Nilssonia leithii and maintaining ecosystem health for future generations.