Efficiency of biochar with mineral fertilizers on soil properties and crop growth
Author(s): Vani Mahindru, Peeyush Sharma and Vikas Abrol
Abstract: Biochar, derived from biomass pyrolysis, proves valuable in soil management due to its stable, carbon-rich composition and recalcitrant nature. It aids carbon sequestration, enhances water retention, alters soil properties, affects nutrient availability and crop productivity. Biochar has various beneficial properties such as has a highly porous structure that provides for a large surface area, high cation exchange capacity, which enhances the retention and exchange of positively charged ions (cations), which are essential for plant nutrient uptake. The slow decomposition of biochar, attributed to its aromatic structure, significantly contributes to long-term carbon sequestration. Mineral fertilizers are widely used since they address the nutrient deficiencies in soil. It helps in the formation of robust roots, leaves, and reproductive structures, leading to healthier and more resistant plants and contribute to increased crop yields. Urea is a widely used nitrogen source, while Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is neutral and water-soluble, and Muriate of Potash (MOP) is rich in potassium. The mechanisms of nutrient elements within biochar (such as migration and transformation) impact nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium dynamics in soil. Combining biochar with urea and DAP yields synergistic effects, moderating nitrogen mineralization and enhancing soil alkaline enzymes. This combination counters the negative effects of nitrogen addition on root growth and soil microbial activity. Biochar’s interaction with DAP influences soil pH, aggregate stability, and nutrient availability, showcasing a pivotal role in soil management. The continuous use of mineral fertilisers alone have a certain negative impact on the environment and soil health. Moreover, they may not support the microbial activity crucial for maintaining a healthy soil ecosystem. This may lead to a decline in soil biodiversity and overall soil health. Overall, the properties and mechanisms of biochar, coupled with its interaction with various fertilizers, enhance soil properties and crop productivity.
