Vol. 8, Issue 11, Part C (2024)

Stevia rebaudiana, a perennial plant, has gained global attention due to its natural sweetness and medicinal properties. The primary sweetening compounds, steviol glycosides, particularly stevioside and rebaudioside A, are up to 300 times sweeter than sucrose and are non-caloric, making S. rebaudiana a preferred alternative to synthetic sweeteners. This review focuses on the chemical properties of steviol glycosides and their metabolic pathways, highlighting their stability under various pH and temperature conditions, as well as their impact on human health. Beyond its sweetening capabilities, S. rebaudiana exhibits numerous medicinal potentials, including antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The plant's leaves contain phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and essential oils that contribute to these therapeutic properties. Clinical studies have shown that S. rebaudiana may improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, and provide cardioprotective benefits. Despite its promising health effects, safety concerns, particularly regarding long-term consumption and its impact on gut microbiota, require further investigation. This review aims to provide an updated synthesis of the chemical characteristics and medicinal applications of S. rebaudiana, with a focus on its role in promoting human health and its potential as a natural therapeutic agent.