Background and Objectives: Pancytopenia is a condition characterised by the simultaneous presence of anaemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia, which can be caused by a wide range of factors. The study aimed to diagnose various illnesses that cause Pancytopenia based on clinical, haematological, and/or Bone Marrow Studies and to determine the prevalence of various disorders causing Pancytopenia.

Material and Methods: The study is conducted by collecting data from patients with pancytopenia in a planned and systematic manner. The research was conducted on pancytopenia patients who were hospitalised to the Department of General Medicine at Sambhram Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in BEML Nagar, Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka, India. This study was a hospital-based prospective study done over a period of one year, from June 2017 to May 2018.

Results: The latest research indicates that the primary cause is megaloblastic anaemia, with hypersplenism being the second most common reason. Megaloblastic anaemia is characterised by the presence of hypersegmented neutrophils, and the frequency of this occurrence has shown variation across different research studies. This study examines the existence of hypersegmented neutrophils. Nucleated red blood cells, although not mentioned in traditional literature, were found in 24% of the megaloblastic population in our study.

Conclusion: The aforementioned study's findings also suggest that promptly identifying patients with megaloblastic anaemia and addressing the underlying cause in the early stages can decrease the occurrence of pancytopenia and its associated complications.