Vol. 2, Issue 1, Part A (2018)

Background and Objective: Dyslipidemia is a prevalent consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a major risk factor for cardiovascular problems, the main cause of death and disability among people with diabetes. Important insights into risk categorization and preventative interventions in type 2 diabetes patients can be gained by evaluating the lipid profile alongside cardiovascular risk variables like hypertension, body mass index (BMI), and glycemic control. Finding out how type 2 diabetics' lipid profiles relate to their cardiovascular risk factors was the driving force behind this research.

Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed on 50 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care hospital. This research was performed in the Department of General Medicine, RVS Institute of Medical Sciences, located on Tirupathi Road, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India, from June 2017 to May 2018. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Other recorded indicators encompassed blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, and HbA1c values.

Results: Half of the fifty patients (28 men and 22 females) had low HDL-C levels and two-thirds had high LDL-C values. Both LDL-C and systolic blood pressure showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.48, p< 0.01), while triglycerides and body mass index showed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.52, p< 0.01). There was a negative relationship between HDL-C and HbA1c levels (r = -0.41, p = 0.02). The levels of TC and TG were considerably greater in patients with poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c > 8%) when contrasted with those with well-controlled diabetes (p< 0.05). A significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic individuals was dyslipidemia, as shown by regression analysis, especially high levels of LDL-C and TG.

Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes who have lipid abnormalities are more likely to have cardiovascular risk factors, according to the study. A major complication of type 2 diabetes is dyslipidemia, which is characterized by reduced HDL-C levels, increased triglycerides and LDL-C, and is strongly linked to obesity, hypertension, and poor glycemic control. Preventing cardiovascular events in diabetes people requires routine monitoring and early control of cholesterol levels.